4-tertbutylthiophenol

[samir gondaliya]

Introduction

4-tert-Butylthiophenolis a specialized aromatic thiol widely used in organic synthesis, materials science, and surface modification. This compound is known for its unique sulfur functionality combined with a sterically hindered tert-butyl group, making it a versatile reagent and intermediate in chemical industries.

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Chemical Identity

• Chemical Name: 4-tert-Butylbenzenethiol

• Synonyms: p-tert-Butylthiophenol, 4-(tert-Butyl)thiophenol

• Molecular Formula: C10H14S

• Molecular Weight: 166.28 g/mol

• CAS Number: 98-29-3

• Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid with a distinct thiol odor

• Solubility: Insoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents like ethanol, diethyl ether, and benzene

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Structure and Reactivity

The compound contains:

• A thiol (-SH) group at the para-position of a benzene ring

• A tert-butyl group (-C(CH₃)₃) that provides steric bulk and hydrophobicity

This structure makes 4-tert-butylthiophenol an excellent nucleophile, especially in reactions where selective functionalization of surfaces or molecules is desired.

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Applications of 4-tert-Butylthiophenol

1. Ligand in Metal Coordination Chemistry

The thiol group readily binds to transition metals such as gold, silver, and copper, making it a key component in:

• Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) on gold surfaces

• Design of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Catalytic systems where sulfur-metal interactions are crucial

2. Surface Functionalization and Nanotechnology

4-tert-Butylthiophenol is commonly used to modify the surface properties of metals, especially:

• Gold nanoparticles and electrodes for sensor applications

• Corrosion-resistant coatings

• Functional thin films for electronic and biomedical devices

The tert-butyl group provides hydrophobicity and steric control, making it suitable for engineering surface wettability and reactivity.

3. Organic Synthesis Intermediate

It serves as a valuable intermediate in the synthesis of:

• Pharmaceutical compounds

• Polymers

• Agrochemicals

• Functional aromatic sulfides and sulfoxides

Its reactivity enables formation of C–S bonds via substitution and oxidation reactions, useful for tailoring molecular frameworks.

4. Precursor for Disulfide and Thioether Synthesis

Through controlled oxidation or alkylation, 4-tert-butylthiophenol can be converted into:

• Disulfides (R–S–S–R)

• Thioethers (R–S–R’)

• Sulfonic acids or sulfoxides for medicinal and polymer chemistry

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Handling and Safety

• Toxicity: Harmful if inhaled or ingested; can cause irritation to skin and eyes

• Odor: Strong thiol odor; use in well-ventilated area or fume hood

• Storage: Keep in a cool, dry, and tightly closed container away from oxidizers

• Protective Equipment: Gloves, lab coat, safety goggles, and appropriate respiratory protection

Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for detailed handling instructions.

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Packaging and Availability

4-tert-Butylthiophenol is available in:

• Analytical & research grades (1g, 5g, 25g)

• Industrial-scale quantities (100g, 1kg, 5kg)

• Custom purity specifications upon request

Supplied with COA, MSDS, and TDS. Custom packaging for moisture-sensitive or air-sensitive use available.

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Conclusion

4-tert-Butylthiophenol is a high-value aromatic thiol with applications ranging from nanotechnology and catalysis to drug synthesis and surface chemistry. Its reactivity, stability, and tunable properties make it a preferred choice for chemists and material scientists.