The Metabolic Factor PDF Free Download

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According to the Recommended Dietary Allowances established by the National Academy of Sciences, pregnant women require considerably more protein than non-pregnant women. Women who normally consume about 45 grams of protein a day are advised to increase their daily intake by 30 grams during pregnancy--the amount of protein in four cups of milk (whole or skimmed) or yogurt or four ounces of natural cheese, canned tuna or chicken. A 25-to 50-percent increase in most vitamins and minerals is also recommended. To meet these nutritional requirements, pregnant women should eat a varied diet, including the daily consumption of foods from each of four basic food groups--high-protein foods, such as meat, poultry, fish and legumes; dairy products, such as milk, cheese and yogurt; grain products, such as breads, cereals and rice; and fruits and vegetables.

Because a woman's blood volume doubles during pregnancy, extra iron is essential to produce healthy red blood cells. Since sufficient quantities of iron to meet this need are not obtained in an average diet, doctors usually prescribe iron supplements during pregnancy The Metabolic Factor in doses of 30 to 60 milligrams a day. Without supplementation, the woman risks becoming anemic, which increases susceptibility to infection and illness. In fact, most doctors advise expectant mothers to take multi-vitamin and mineral supplements during pregnancy to ensure an adequate supply of nutrients. The supplements generally include folic acid, and, in the last trimester, calcium. In some women, special vitamin and mineral supplementation may be necessary. Vegetarians, for example, may require supplementary zinc, chromium and vitamin B12.

Like drugs, vitamin and mineral supplements should not be taken without consulting a doctor. Similarly, pregnant women should not limit their consumption of specific foods, such as salt or fluids, unless so directed by their doctors. All drugs consumed by an expectant mother are carried to the fetus to some degree. Because many of them are known to be potentially harmful to an unborn child, and others may be risky, self-medicating should be completely avoided. This means that any drug, prescription or non-prescription, should be taken only under a doctor's supervision as soon as pregnancy seems likely; the chances of a drug's damaging a fetus are greatest in the first 10 weeks.

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Among the currently available prescription drugs that have been found to be potentially harmful to the fetus are the steroidal hormones, estrogen and progestin (which were once used to prevent miscarriages), and barbiturates, amphetamines and tranquilizers. Non-prescription drugs that may cause problems in expectant mothers and/or their babies include aspirin and drugs containing iodine. These drugs are contained in many over-the-counter products, including cold and cough remedies, sleeping aids and medications that control nausea and vomiting. Many of these drugs also contain alcohol and caffeine, substances that can create adverse effects when large amounts are consumed during pregnancy.