The positioning of studs is particularly critical in this regard, as well as the method of attachment of stud to the boot

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The boot must be comfortable, be a good fit to the foot, but at the fifa 15 coins same time protect from external forces, spread the pressures over the sole of the boot, and control foot movement, particularly rear foot movement. Comfort is a difficult term to define objectively. It often relies on subjective experiences of players. It is something that can change with time, or with conditions of play (e.g. wetness, foot microclimate, properties of the boot material). The fit of a boot is related to the type of last (the foot shape used for boot construction) and the materials used for its construction. There are substantial ethnic differences in foot shape, and it is unlikely that a boot designed for an American, Italian or oriental foot will fit a British foot well. Manufacturers either use standard lasts, or lasts which have been developed for other types of footwear (e.g. running shoes). Certain types of leather (e.g. kangaroo leather) have the properties of yielding to accommodate different foot shapes, while still providing a strong material, resistant to splitting. This helps to improve fit and enhance comfort.

The boot should be constructed so as to protect the foot from external forces which may arise from the ground, other players or by contact with the ball. When the foot contacts the ground the typical ground reaction force exceeds 2.5 times body weight. This force can increase as a result of running speed or type of landing action used. The force will also be higher on hard as opposed to soft grounds. The boot should have built into it materials designed to reduce the effect of these forces, but they often do not. In addition the boot should be able to distribute the force so that it is not concentrated in certain areas, such as for example under the heel, or more particularly under the head of the first metatarsal. The positioning of studs is particularly critical in this regard, as well as the method of attachment of stud to the boot. The foot is susceptible to knocking and treading by the feet of other players, and so the material of the boot should be able to provide protection to the foot from this. The use of sound or padded leather is necessary. When the ball is kicked, there is a contact force in excess of 1000 N (1.5 times body weight). This force will deform the foot but could also lead to bruising on the dorsal aspect of the foot. The force can also be a function of ball wetness, ball inflation pressure and ball construction as noted above (Levendusky et al., 1988).

In running shoe design, great attention is paid to the reduction of the shock force associated with heel strike. This force is characterized by a sharp force peak whose magnitude can reach about three times body weight in sprinting. This force can also be assessed by the use of acceleration measures on the lower tibia (Lafortune, 1991). Peak tibial deceleration in running can be up to 10 ‘g’ (100 m/s2). While these techniques have not been applied to study field games, the types of boot construction with thin soles suggest that this is an unimportant factor for players. While it may be less important due to the generally softer surfaces that soccer competitors play upon, nevertheless it is still a feature of any heel contact locomotor action.